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Structure of the base
Adenine (6-amino-imidazo [4,5-d] pyrimidine) consists of two-condensed heteroaromatic compounds, the 6-membered pyrimidine and the 5-membered imidazole. While the imidazole ring is planar, the geometry in the pyrimidine ring is somewhat different.
In addition to adenine, three other nucleic acid bases occur as components of the nucleotides in DNA: guanine, cytosine and thymine. Like adenine, guanine is derived from purine. Thymine and cytosine are derivatives of pyrimidine. Thymine does not appear in ribonucleic acids; uracil takes its place. In the DNA double helix, adenine is always linked to a thymine via two hydrogen bonds. Together with the stacking forces of the layered π systems of the bases, this ensures the stability of the DNA double helix.
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